Russian Christmas Eve traditions blend faith, fasting, and the first watch star
Today marks Christmas Eve, the final day of the Nativity Fast in Russia. For those observing tradition, the evening brings strict customs tied to faith, remembrance, and community.
Before the first star appears, families gather after a 40-day fast. They attend a long church service, then break their fast only once the star is sighted—a moment that signals the start of celebrations and caroling known as kolyadovanye.
The evening’s rituals begin with restraint. Eating before the first star rises is forbidden, as tradition warns it may bring poverty. Quarreling, swearing, or holding grudges is also avoided, with reconciliation encouraged before the first watch star’s appearance.
Clothing choices reflect the solemn yet hopeful mood. Dark colours, especially black, are discouraged in favour of light, clean garments. Even small tasks like weaving or sewing are set aside to prevent misfortune. At the table, empty chairs are left for departed relatives, and before sitting, some blow on their seats to honour the souls of loved ones. After the feast, leftover food remains on the table overnight as an offering to the deceased. Once the first star shines, the fast ends with a meal. Then, groups go kolyadovanye—caroling from house to house to celebrate the Bethlehem Star’s appearance. The following days, Svyatki, are filled with visiting neighbours and sharing joy.
These customs blend faith, remembrance, and community. The fast’s end and the first watch star’s sighting mark a shift from reflection to celebration. For many, the traditions connect past and present, honouring both the living and the dead.
